- update to current root trunc's version

- update to root trunc's UNICODE support

git-svn-id: svn://ttmath.org/publicrep/ttmath/branches/chk@182 e52654a7-88a9-db11-a3e9-0013d4bc506e

CHANGELOG

@@ -1,3 +1,86 @@
+Version 0.9.0 prerelease (2009.07.16):
+    * added:   support for wide characters (wchar_t)
+               wide characters are used when macro TTMATH_USE_WCHAR is defined
+               this macro is defined automatically when there is macro UNICODE or _UNICODE defined
+               some types have been changed
+                 char               -> tt_char
+                 std::string        -> tt_string
+                 std::ostringstream -> tt_ostringstream
+                 std::ostream       -> tt_ostream
+                 std::istream       -> tt_istream
+               normally tt_char is equal char but when you are using wide characters then tt_char will be wchar_t (and so on)
+               (all typedef's are in ttmathtypes.h)
+    * added:   Big::IsInteger()
+               returns true if the value is integer (without fraction)
+               (NaN flag is not checked)
+    * added:   global Gamma() function
+    * added:   gamma() function to the parser
+    * added:   CGamma<ValueType> class
+               is used with Gamma() and Factorial() in multithreaded environment
+    * changed: Factorial() is using the Gamma() function now
+    * removed: Parser<>::SetFactorialMax() method
+               the factorial() is such a fast now that we don't need the method longer
+    * removed: ErrorCode::err_too_big_factorial
+
+
+Version 0.8.5 (2009.06.16):
+    * fixed:   Big::Mod(x) didn't correctly return a carry
+               and the result was sometimes very big (even greater than x)
+    * fixed:   global function Mod(x) didn't set an ErrorCode object
+    * fixed:   global function Round() didn't test a carry
+               now it sets ErrorCode object
+    * changed: function Sin(x) to Sin(x, ErrorCode * err=0)
+               when x was very big the function returns zero
+               now it sets ErrorCode object to err_overflow
+               and the result has a NaN flag set
+               the same is to Cos() function
+    * changed: PrepareSin(x) is using Big::Mod() now when reducing 2PI period
+               should be a little accurate especially on a very big 'x'
+    * changed: uint Mul(const UInt<value_size> & ss2, uint algorithm = 100)
+               void MulBig(const UInt<value_size> & ss2, UInt<value_size*2> & result, uint algorithm = 100)
+               those methods by default use MulFastest() and MulFastestBig()
+    * changed: changed a little Mul2Big() to cooperate with Mul3Big()
+    * added:   uint UInt::Mul3(const UInt<value_size> & ss2)
+               void UInt::Mul3Big(const UInt<value_size> & ss2, UInt<value_size*2> & result)
+               a new multiplication algorithm: Karatsuba multiplication,
+               on a vector UInt<100> with all items different from zero this algorithm is faster
+               about 3 times than Mul2Big(), and on a vector UInt<1000> with all items different from
+               zero this algorithm is faster more than 5 times than Mul2Big()
+               (measured on 32bit platform with GCC 4.3.3 with -O3 and -DTTMATH_RELEASE)
+    * added:   uint MulFastest(const UInt<value_size> & ss2)
+               void MulFastestBig(const UInt<value_size> & ss2, UInt<value_size*2> & result)
+               those methods are trying to select the fastest multiplication algorithm
+    * added:   uint AddVector(const uint * ss1, const uint * ss2, uint ss1_size, uint ss2_size, uint * result)
+               uint SubVector(const uint * ss1, const uint * ss2, uint ss1_size, uint ss2_size, uint * result)
+               three forms: asm x86, asm x86_64, no-asm
+               those methods are used by the Karatsuba multiplication algorithm
+    * added:   to Big<> class: support for NaN flag (Not a Number)
+               bool Big::IsNan() - returns true if the NaN flag is set
+               void Big::SetNan() - sets the NaN flag
+               The NaN flag is set by default after creating an object:
+                 Big<1, 2> a;    // NaN is set (it means the object has not a valid number)
+                 std::cout << a; // cout gives "NaN"
+                 a = 123;        // now NaN is not set
+                 std::cout << a; // cout gives "123"
+               The NaN is set if there was a carry during calculations
+                 a.Mul(very_big_value); // a will have a NaN set
+               The NaN is set if an argument is NaN too
+                 b.SetNan();
+                 a.Add(b);  // a will have NaN because b has NaN too
+               If you try to do something on a NaN object, the result is a NaN too
+                 a.SetNan();
+                 a.Add(2);  // a is still a NaN 
+               The NaN is set if you use incorrect arguments
+                 a.Ln(-10); // a will have the NaN flag
+               The only way to clear the NaN flag is to assign a correct value or other correct object,
+               supposing 'a' has NaN flag, to remove the flag you can either:
+                 a = 10;
+                 a.FromInt(30);
+                 a.SetOne(); 
+                 a.FromBig(other_object_without_nan);
+                 etc.
+               
+               
 Version 0.8.4 (2009.05.08):
     * fixed:   UInt::DivInt() didn't check whether the divisor is zero
                there was a hardware interruption when the divisor was zero
@@ -11,7 +94,7 @@ Version 0.8.4 (2009.05.08):
                (like "m" (mask) constraints in Rcl2 and Rcr2) have also gone away,
                now the library works well with -O2 and -O3 and the asm code
                is a little faster
-	* added:   UInt::PrintLog(const char * msg, std::ostream & output)
+    * added:   UInt::PrintLog(const char * msg, std::ostream & output)
                used (for debugging purposes) by macro TTMATH_LOG(msg)
                (it is used in nearly all methods in UInt class)
     * added:   macro TTMATH_DEBUG_LOG: when defined then TTMATH_LOG() 

constgen/Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 o      = main.o
 CC     = g++
-CFLAGS = -s -O2 -DCONSTANTSGENERATOR
+CFLAGS = -s -O2 -DTTMATH_CONSTANTSGENERATOR
 name   = gen
 
 

constgen/main.cpp

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void CalcE()
 	ttmath::Big<1,400> e;
 	ttmath::uint steps;
 
-	// macro CONSTANTSGENERATOR has to be defined	
+	// macro TTMATH_CONSTANTSGENERATOR has to be defined	
 	e.ExpSurrounding0(1, &steps);
 	std::cout << "---------------- e ----------------" << std::endl;
 	e.mantissa.PrintTable(std::cout);
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ void CalcLn(int x)
 	ttmath::Big<1,400> ln;
 	ttmath::uint steps;
 
-	// macro CONSTANTSGENERATOR has to be defined	
+	// macro TTMATH_CONSTANTSGENERATOR has to be defined	
 	ln.LnSurrounding1(x, &steps);
 	std::cout << "---------------- ln(" << x << ") ----------------" << std::endl;
 	ln.mantissa.PrintTable(std::cout);

ttmath/ttmathconfig.h

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * This file is a part of TTMath Bignum Library
+ * and is distributed under the PNG licence.
+ * Author: Christian Kaiser <chk@online.de>
+ */
+
+/* 
+	Copyright (c) 2009 Christian Kaiser
+
+	This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+	warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+	arising from the use of this software.
+
+	Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
+	including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
+	freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+
+		1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
+		claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
+		in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
+		appreciated but is not required.
+
+		2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+		misrepresented as being the original software.
+
+		3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
+		distribution.
+ */
+
+#ifndef headerfilettmathconfig
+#define headerfilettmathconfig
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace ttmath
+{
+#if defined(WIN32)
+	#include <windows.h>
+	
+	#if defined(_MT)
+		class 	clsCrit
+			{
+			private:
+				mutable CRITICAL_SECTION 		_Crit;
+
+												clsCrit(const clsCrit&) // inhibit copy (easy mistake to do; use clsCritObj instead!!!)
+													{
+													}
+				clsCrit&						operator=(const clsCrit& rhs); // inhibit assignment
+			public:
+												clsCrit(void)
+													{
+													InitializeCriticalSection(&_Crit);
+													}
+				virtual							~clsCrit(void)
+													{
+													DeleteCriticalSection(&_Crit);
+													}
+
+				void							Enter(void) const
+													{
+													EnterCriticalSection(&_Crit);
+													}
+				void							Leave(void) const
+													{
+													LeaveCriticalSection(&_Crit);
+													}
+			};
+
+		class 	clsCritObj
+			{
+			private:
+				const clsCrit&					_Crit;
+				
+				clsCritObj&						operator=(const clsCritObj& rhs); // not applicable
+			public:
+												clsCritObj(const clsCrit& Sync)
+													: _Crit(Sync)
+													{
+													_Crit.Enter();
+													}
+												~clsCritObj(void)
+													{
+													_Crit.Leave();
+													}
+			};
+		#define TTMATH_IMPLEMENT_THREADSAFE_OBJ					\
+			private:											\
+				clsCrit CritSect;								\
+			public:												\
+				operator clsCrit&()								\
+				{												\
+					return(CritSect);							\
+				}
+		#define TTMATH_USE_THREADSAFE_OBJ(c)	clsCritObj	lock(c)
+	#endif
+#else // defined(WIN32) 
+	// not Windows world: no threading synchronization for now
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(TTMATH_IMPLEMENT_THREADSAFE_OBJ)
+	// if we don't know about serialization, make it a no-op
+	#define TTMATH_IMPLEMENT_THREADSAFE_OBJ		/* */
+	#define TTMATH_USE_THREADSAFE_OBJ(c)		/* */
+#endif
+
+} // namespace
+
+#endif // headerfilettmathconfig

ttmath/ttmathint.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * This file is a part of TTMath Bignum Library
  * and is distributed under the (new) BSD licence.
- * Author: Tomasz Sowa <t.sowa@slimaczek.pl>
+ * Author: Tomasz Sowa <t.sowa@ttmath.org>
  */
 
 /* 
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@
 
 #include "ttmathuint.h"
 
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	#pragma warning(disable:4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
 namespace ttmath
 {
 
@@ -641,8 +645,14 @@ public:
 
 		// there can be a carry here when the size of this value is equal one word
 		// and the 'value' has the highest bit set
+		#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+			#pragma warning(disable:4127) // conditional expression is constant
+		#endif
 		if( value_size==1 && (value & TTMATH_UINT_HIGHEST_BIT)!=0 )
 			return 1;
+		#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+			#pragma warning(default:4127) // conditional expression is constant
+		#endif
 
 	return 0;
 	}
@@ -821,7 +831,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		a constructor for converting string to this class (with the base=10)
 	*/
-	Int(const char * s)
+	Int(const tt_char * s)
 	{
 		FromString(s);
 	}
@@ -830,7 +840,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		a constructor for converting a string to this class (with the base=10)
 	*/
-	Int(const std::string & s)
+	Int(const tt_string & s)
 	{
 		FromString( s.c_str() );
 	}
@@ -869,7 +879,7 @@ public:
 	/*!	
 		this method converts the value to a string with a base equal 'b'
 	*/
-	void ToString(std::string & result, uint b = 10) const
+	void ToString(tt_string & result, uint b = 10) const
 	{
 		if( IsSign() )
 		{
@@ -890,12 +900,14 @@ public:
 
 	/*!
 		this method converts a string into its value
+		string is given either as 'const char *' or 'const wchar_t *'
+
 		it returns carry=1 if the value will be too big or an incorrect base 'b' is given
 
 		string is ended with a non-digit value, for example:
 			"-12" will be translated to -12
 			as well as:
-			"- 12foo" will be translated to 12 too
+			"- 12foo" will be translated to -12 too
 
 		existing first white characters will be ommited
 		(between '-' and a first digit can be white characters too)
@@ -904,7 +916,7 @@ public:
 
 		value_read (if exists) tells whether something has actually been read (at least one digit)
 	*/
-	uint FromString(const char * s, uint b = 10, const char ** after_source = 0, bool * value_read = 0)
+	uint FromString(const tt_char * s, uint b = 10, const tt_char ** after_source = 0, bool * value_read = 0)
 	{
 	bool is_sign = false;
 	
@@ -961,16 +973,16 @@ public:
 		this method converts a string into its value
 		it returns carry=1 if the value will be too big or an incorrect base 'b' is given
 	*/
-	uint FromString(const std::string & s, uint b = 10)
+	uint FromString(const tt_string & s, uint b = 10)
 	{
-		return FromString( s.c_str() );
+		return FromString( s.c_str(), b );
 	}
 
 
 	/*!
 		this operator converts a string into its value (with base = 10)
 	*/
-	Int<value_size> & operator=(const char * s)
+	Int<value_size> & operator=(const tt_char * s)
 	{
 		FromString(s);
 
@@ -981,7 +993,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		this operator converts a string into its value (with base = 10)
 	*/
-	Int<value_size> & operator=(const std::string & s)
+	Int<value_size> & operator=(const tt_string & s)
 	{
 		FromString( s.c_str() );
 
@@ -1268,9 +1280,14 @@ public:
 	*
 	*/
 
-	friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & s, const Int<value_size> & l)
+	/*!
+		output for standard streams
+
+		tt_ostream is either std::ostream or std::wostream
+	*/
+	friend tt_ostream & operator<<(tt_ostream & s, const Int<value_size> & l)
 	{
-	std::string ss;
+	tt_string ss;
 
 		l.ToString(ss);
 		s << ss;
@@ -1279,13 +1296,17 @@ public:
 	}
 
 
+	/*!
+		input from standard streams
 
-	friend std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & s, Int<value_size> & l)
+		tt_istream is either std::istream or std::wistream
+	*/
+	friend tt_istream & operator>>(tt_istream & s, Int<value_size> & l)
 	{
-	std::string ss;
+	tt_string ss;
 	
-	// char for operator>>
-	unsigned char z;
+	// tt_char for operator>>
+	tt_char z;
 	
 		// operator>> omits white characters if they're set for ommiting
 		s >> z;
@@ -1300,7 +1321,7 @@ public:
 		while( s.good() && UInt<value_size>::CharToDigit(z, 10)>=0 )
 		{
 			ss += z;
-			z = s.get();
+			z = static_cast<tt_char>(s.get());
 		}
 
 		// we're leaving the last readed character
@@ -1316,5 +1337,9 @@ public:
 
 } // namespace
 
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	#pragma warning(default:4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
 
 #endif

ttmath/ttmathobjects.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * This file is a part of TTMath Mathematical Library
  * and is distributed under the (new) BSD licence.
- * Author: Tomasz Sowa <t.sowa@slimaczek.pl>
+ * Author: Tomasz Sowa <t.sowa@ttmath.org>
  */
 
 /* 
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include "ttmathtypes.h"
 
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
 
@@ -73,18 +74,19 @@ public:
 	struct Item
 	{
 		// name of a variable of a function
-		std::string value;
+		// (either std::string or std::wstring)
+		tt_string value;
 
 		// number of parameters required by the function
 		// (if there's a variable this 'param' is ignored)
 		int param;
 
 		Item() {}
-		Item(const std::string & v, int p) : value(v), param(p) {}
+		Item(const tt_string & v, int p) : value(v), param(p) {}
 	};
 
 	// 'Table' is the type of our table
-	typedef std::map<std::string, Item> Table;
+	typedef std::map<tt_string, Item> Table;
 	typedef	Table::iterator Iterator;
 	typedef	Table::const_iterator CIterator;
 
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		this method returns true if the name can be as a name of an object
 	*/
-	static bool IsNameCorrect(const std::string & name)
+	static bool IsNameCorrect(const tt_string & name)
 	{
 		if( name.empty() )
 			return false;
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ public:
 		if( !CorrectCharacter(name[0], false) )
 			return false;
 
-		std::string::const_iterator i=name.begin();
+		tt_string::const_iterator i=name.begin();
 
 		for(++i ; i!=name.end() ; ++i)
 			if( !CorrectCharacter(*i, true) )
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		this method returns true if such an object is defined (name exists)
 	*/
-	bool IsDefined(const std::string & name)
+	bool IsDefined(const tt_string & name)
 	{
 		Iterator i = table.find(name);
 
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		this method adds one object (variable of function) into the table
 	*/
-	ErrorCode Add(const std::string & name, const std::string & value, int param = 0)
+	ErrorCode Add(const tt_string & name, const tt_string & value, int param = 0)
 	{
 		if( !IsNameCorrect(name) )
 			return err_incorrect_name;
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		this method changes the value and the number of parameters for a specific object
 	*/
-	ErrorCode EditValue(const std::string & name, const std::string & value, int param = 0)
+	ErrorCode EditValue(const tt_string & name, const tt_string & value, int param = 0)
 	{
 		if( !IsNameCorrect(name) )
 			return err_incorrect_name;
@@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		this method changes the name of a specific object
 	*/
-	ErrorCode EditName(const std::string & old_name, const std::string & new_name)
+	ErrorCode EditName(const tt_string & old_name, const tt_string & new_name)
 	{
 		if( !IsNameCorrect(old_name) || !IsNameCorrect(new_name) )
 			return err_incorrect_name;
@@ -256,7 +258,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		this method deletes an object
 	*/
-	ErrorCode Delete(const std::string & name)
+	ErrorCode Delete(const tt_string & name)
 	{
 		if( !IsNameCorrect(name) )
 			return err_incorrect_name;
@@ -275,7 +277,7 @@ public:
 	/*!
 		this method gets the value of a specific object
 	*/
-	ErrorCode GetValue(const std::string & name, std::string & value) const
+	ErrorCode GetValue(const tt_string & name, tt_string & value) const
 	{
 		if( !IsNameCorrect(name) )
 			return err_incorrect_name;
@@ -298,7 +300,7 @@ public:
 		this method gets the value of a specific object
 		(this version is used for not copying the whole string)
 	*/
-	ErrorCode GetValue(const std::string & name, const char ** value) const
+	ErrorCode GetValue(const tt_string & name, const tt_char ** value) const
 	{
 		if( !IsNameCorrect(name) )
 			return err_incorrect_name;
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@ public:
 		this method gets the value and the number of parameters
 		of a specific object
 	*/
-	ErrorCode GetValueAndParam(const std::string & name, std::string & value, int * param) const
+	ErrorCode GetValueAndParam(const tt_string & name, tt_string & value, int * param) const
 	{
 		if( !IsNameCorrect(name) )
 			return err_incorrect_name;
@@ -347,7 +349,7 @@ public:
 		of a specific object
 		(this version is used for not copying the whole string)
 	*/
-	ErrorCode GetValueAndParam(const std::string & name, const char ** value, int * param) const
+	ErrorCode GetValueAndParam(const tt_string & name, const tt_char ** value, int * param) const
 	{
 		if( !IsNameCorrect(name) )
 			return err_incorrect_name;
@@ -430,7 +432,7 @@ public:
 	*/
 	History()
 	{
-		buffer_max_size = 10;
+		buffer_max_size = 15;
 	}
 
 
@@ -487,10 +489,118 @@ public:
 	return false;
 	}
 
+
+	/*!
+		this methods deletes an item
+
+		we assume that there is only one item with the 'key'
+		(this methods removes the first one)
+	*/
+	bool Remove(const ValueType & key)
+	{
+		typename buffer_type::iterator i = buffer.begin();
+
+		for( ; i != buffer.end() ; ++i )
+		{
+			if( i->key == key )
+			{
+				buffer.erase(i);
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+
+	return false;
+	}
+
+
 }; // end of class History
 
 
 
+/*!
+	this is an auxiliary class used when calculating Gamma() or Factorial()
+
+	in multithreaded environment you can provide an object of this class to
+	the Gamma() or Factorial() function, e.g;
+		typedef Big<1, 3> MyBig;
+		MyBig x = 123456;
+		CGamma<MyBig> cgamma;
+		std::cout << Gamma(x, cgamma);
+	each thread should have its own CGamma<> object
+
+	in a single-thread environment a CGamma<> object is a static variable
+	in a second version of Gamma() and you don't have to explicitly use it, e.g.
+		typedef Big<1, 3> MyBig;
+		MyBig x = 123456;
+		std::cout << Gamma(x);
+*/
+template<class ValueType>
+struct CGamma
+{
+	/*!
+		this table holds factorials
+			1
+			1
+			2
+			6
+			24
+			120
+			720
+			.......
+	*/
+	std::vector<ValueType> fact;
+
+
+	/*!
+		this table holds Bernoulli numbers
+			1
+			-0.5
+			0.166666666666666666666666667
+			0
+			-0.0333333333333333333333333333
+			0
+			0.0238095238095238095238095238
+			0
+			-0.0333333333333333333333333333
+			0
+			0.075757575757575757575757576
+			.....
+	*/
+	std::vector<ValueType> bern;
+
+
+	/*!
+		here we store some calculated values
+		(this is for speeding up, if the next argument of Gamma() or Factorial()
+		is in the 'history' then the result we are not calculating but simply
+		return from the 'history' object)
+	*/
+	History<ValueType> history;
+
+
+	/*!
+		this method prepares some coefficients: factorials and Bernoulli numbers
+		stored in 'fact' and 'bern' objects
+		
+		how many values should be depends on the size of the mantissa - if
+		the mantissa is larger then we must calculate more values
+		    for a mantissa which consists of 256 bits (8 words on a 32bit platform)
+			we have to calculate about 30 values (the size of fact and bern will be 30),
+			and for a 2048 bits mantissa we have to calculate 306 coefficients
+
+		you don't have to call this method, these coefficients will be automatically calculated
+		when they are needed
+
+		you must note that calculating of the coefficients is a little time-consuming operation,
+		(especially when the mantissa is large) and first called to Gamma() or Factorial()
+		can take more time than next calls, and in the end this is the point when InitAll()
+		comes in handy: you can call this method somewhere at the beginning of your program
+	*/
+	void InitAll();
+	// definition is in ttmath.h
+};
+
+
 
 
 } // namespace

ttmath/ttmathtypes.h

@@ -1,449 +1,522 @@
-/*
- * This file is a part of TTMath Bignum Library
- * and is distributed under the (new) BSD licence.
- * Author: Tomasz Sowa <t.sowa@slimaczek.pl>
- */
-
-/* 
- * Copyright (c) 2006-2009, Tomasz Sowa
- * All rights reserved.
- * 
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- * 
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
- *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *    
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *    
- *  * Neither the name Tomasz Sowa nor the names of contributors to this
- *    project may be used to endorse or promote products derived
- *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
- * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
- * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
- * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
- * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
- * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
- * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
- * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
- * THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-
-#ifndef headerfilettmathtypes
-#define headerfilettmathtypes
-
-/*!
-	\file ttmathtypes.h
-    \brief constants used in the library
-    
-    As our library is written in header files (templates) we cannot use
-	constants like 'const int' etc. because we should have some source files
-	*.cpp to define this variables. Only what we can have are constants
-	defined by #define preprocessor macros.
-
-	All macros are preceded by TTMATH_ prefix
-*/
-
-
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <sstream>
-
-
-/*!
-	the version of the library
-
-	TTMATH_PRERELEASE_VER is either zero or one
-	if zero that means this is the release version of the library
-*/
-#define TTMATH_MAJOR_VER		0
-#define TTMATH_MINOR_VER		8
-#define TTMATH_REVISION_VER		4
-#define TTMATH_PRERELEASE_VER	0
-
-
-/*!
-	TTMATH_DEBUG
-	this macro enables further testing during writing your code
-	you don't have to define it in a release mode
-
-	if this macro is set then macros TTMATH_ASSERT and TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT
-	are set as well	and these macros can throw an exception if a condition in it
-	is not fulfilled (look at the definition of TTMATH_ASSERT and TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT)
-
-	TTMATH_RELEASE
-	if you are confident that your code is perfect you can define TTMATH_RELEASE
-	macro for example by using -D option in gcc
-	 gcc -DTTMATH_RELEASE -o myprogram myprogram.cpp 
-	or by defining this macro in your code before using any header files of this library
-
-	if TTMATH_RELEASE is not set then TTMATH_DEBUG is set automatically
-*/
-#ifndef TTMATH_RELEASE
-	#define TTMATH_DEBUG
-#endif
-
-
-
-namespace ttmath
-{
-
-#if !defined _M_X64 && !defined __x86_64__
-
-	/*!
-		we're using a 32bit platform
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_PLATFORM32
-
-#else
-
-	/*!
-		we're using a 64bit platform
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_PLATFORM64
-
-#endif
-
-
-
-#ifdef TTMATH_PLATFORM32
-
-	/*!
-		on 32bit platforms one word (uint, sint) will be equal 32bits
-	*/
-	typedef unsigned int uint;
-	typedef signed   int sint;
-
-	/*!
-		this type is twice bigger than uint
-		(64bit on a 32bit platforms)
-
-		although C++ Standard - ANSI ISO IEC 14882:2003 doesn't define such a type (long long) 
-		but it is defined in C99 and in upcoming C++0x /3.9.1 (2)/ and many compilers support it
-
-		this type is used in UInt::MulTwoWords and UInt::DivTwoWords when macro TTMATH_NOASM is defined
-		but only on a 32bit platform
-	*/
-	#ifdef TTMATH_NOASM
-		typedef unsigned long long int ulint;
-	#endif
-
-	/*!
-		how many bits there are in the uint type
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_BITS_PER_UINT 32u
-
-	/*!
-		the mask for the highest bit in the unsigned 32bit word (2^31)
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_UINT_HIGHEST_BIT 2147483648u
-
-	/*!
-		the max value of the unsigned 32bit word (2^32 - 1)
-		(all bits equal one)
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_UINT_MAX_VALUE 4294967295u
-
-	/*!
-		the number of words (32bit words on 32bit platform)
-		which are kept in built-in variables for a Big<> type
-		(these variables are defined in ttmathbig.h)
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_BUILTIN_VARIABLES_SIZE 256u
-
-#else
-
-	/*!
-		on 64bit platforms one word (uint, sint) will be equal 64bits
-	*/
-	typedef unsigned long uint;
-	typedef signed   long sint;
-
-	/*!
-		on 64bit platform we do not define ulint
-		sizeof(long long) is 8 (64bit) but we need 128bit
-
-		on 64 bit platform (when there is defined TTMATH_NOASM macro)
-		methods UInt::MulTwoWords and UInt::DivTwoWords are using other algorithms than those on 32 bit
-	*/
-	//typedef unsigned long long int ulint;
-
-	/*!
-		how many bits there are in the uint type
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_BITS_PER_UINT 64ul
-
-	/*!
-		the mask for the highest bit in the unsigned 64bit word (2^63)
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_UINT_HIGHEST_BIT 9223372036854775808ul
-
-	/*!
-		the max value of the unsigned 64bit word (2^64 - 1)
-		(all bits equal one)
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_UINT_MAX_VALUE 18446744073709551615ul
-
-	/*!
-		the number of words (64bit words on 64bit platforms)
-		which are kept in built-in variables for a Big<> type
-		(these variables are defined in ttmathbig.h)
-	*/
-	#define TTMATH_BUILTIN_VARIABLES_SIZE 128ul
-
-#endif
-}
-
-
-
-/*!
-	characters which represent the comma operator
-
-	TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_1 is used in reading (parsing) and in writing (default, can be overwritten in ToString() function)
-	TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_2 can be used in reading as an auxiliary comma character
-	that means you can input values for example 1.2345 and 1,2345 as well
-
-	if you don't want it just put 0 there e.g.
-		#define TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_2 0
-	then only TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_1 will be used
-
-	don't put there any special character which is used by the parser
-	(for example a semicolon ';' shouldn't be there)
-*/
-#define TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_1 '.'
-#define TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_2 ','
-
-
-
-/*!
-	this variable defines how many iterations are performed
-	during some kind of calculating when we're making any long formulas
-	(for example Taylor series)
-
-	it's used in ExpSurrounding0(...), LnSurrounding1(...), Sin0pi05(...), etc.
-
-	note! there'll not be so many iterations, iterations are stopped when
-	there is no sense to continue calculating (for example when the result
-	still remains unchanged after adding next series and we know that the next
-	series are smaller than previous ones)
-*/
-#define TTMATH_ARITHMETIC_MAX_LOOP 10000
-
-
-
-
-namespace ttmath
-{
-
-	/*!
-		error codes
-	*/
-	enum ErrorCode
-	{
-		err_ok = 0,
-		err_nothing_has_read,
-		err_unknown_character,
-		err_unexpected_final_bracket,
-		err_stack_not_clear,
-		err_unknown_variable,
-		err_division_by_zero,
-		err_interrupt,
-		err_overflow,
-		err_unknown_function,
-		err_unknown_operator,
-		err_unexpected_semicolon_operator,
-		err_improper_amount_of_arguments,
-		err_improper_argument,
-		err_unexpected_end,
-		err_internal_error,
-		err_incorrect_name,
-		err_incorrect_value,
-		err_variable_exists,
-		err_variable_loop,
-		err_functions_loop,
-		err_must_be_only_one_value,
-		err_object_exists,
-		err_unknown_object,
-		err_still_calculating,
-		err_too_big_factorial,
-		err_in_short_form_used_function
-	};
-
-
-	/*!
-		this simple class can be used in multithreading model
-		(you can write your own class derived from this one)
-
-		for example: in some functions like Factorial() 
-		/at the moment only Factorial/ you can give a pointer to 
-		the 'stop object', if the method WasStopSignal() of this 
-		object returns true that means we should break the calculating
-		and return
-	*/
-	class StopCalculating
-	{
-	public:
-		virtual bool WasStopSignal() const volatile { return false; }
-		virtual ~StopCalculating(){}
-	};
-
-
-	/*!
-		a small class which is useful when compiling with gcc
-
-		object of this type holds the name and the line of a file
-		in which the macro TTMATH_ASSERT or TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT was used
-	*/
-	class ExceptionInfo
-	{
-	const char * file;
-	int line;
-
-	public:
-		ExceptionInfo() : file(0), line(0) {}
-		ExceptionInfo(const char * f, int l) : file(f), line(l) {}
-
-		std::string Where() const
-		{
-			if( !file )
-				return "unknown";
-
-			std::ostringstream result;
-			result << file << ":" << line;
-
-		return result.str();
-		}
-	};
-
-
-	/*!
-		A small class used for reporting 'reference' errors
-
-		In the library is used macro TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT which
-		can throw an exception of this type
-
-		If you compile with gcc you can get a small benefit 
-		from using method Where() (it returns std::string with
-		the name and the line of a file where the macro TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT
-		was used)
-
-		What is the 'reference' error?
-		Some kind of methods use a reference as their argument to another object,
-		and the another object not always can be the same which is calling, e.g.
-			Big<1,2> foo(10);
-			foo.Mul(foo); // this is incorrect
-		above method Mul is making something more with 'this' object and 
-		'this' cannot be passed as the argument because the result will be undefined
-
-		macro TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT helps us to solve the above problem
-
-		note! some methods can use 'this' object as the argument
-		for example this code is correct:
-			UInt<2> foo(10);
-			foo.Add(foo);
-		but there are only few methods which can do that
-	*/
-	class ReferenceError : public std::logic_error, ExceptionInfo
-	{
-	public:
-
-		ReferenceError() : std::logic_error ("reference error")
-		{
-		}
-
-		ReferenceError(const char * f, int l) :
-							std::logic_error ("reference error"), ExceptionInfo(f,l)
-		{
-		}
-
-		std::string Where() const
-		{
-			return ExceptionInfo::Where();
-		}
-	};
-
-
-	/*!
-		a small class used for reporting errors
-
-		in the library is used macro TTMATH_ASSERT which
-		(if the condition in it is false) throw an exception
-		of this type
-
-		if you compile with gcc you can get a small benefit 
-		from using method Where() (it returns std::string with
-		the name and the line of a file where the macro TTMATH_ASSERT
-		was used)
-	*/
-	class RuntimeError : public std::runtime_error, ExceptionInfo
-	{
-	public:
-
-		RuntimeError() : std::runtime_error ("internal error")
-		{
-		}
-
-		RuntimeError(const char * f, int l) :
-						std::runtime_error ("internal error"), ExceptionInfo(f,l)
-		{
-		}
-
-		std::string Where() const
-		{
-			return ExceptionInfo::Where();
-		}
-	};
-
-
-
-	/*!
-		look at the description of macros TTMATH_RELEASE and TTMATH_DEBUG
-	*/
-	#ifdef TTMATH_DEBUG
-
-		#if defined(__FILE__) && defined(__LINE__)
-
-			#define TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT(expression) \
-				if( &(expression) == this ) throw ttmath::ReferenceError(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-
-			#define TTMATH_ASSERT(expression) \
-				if( !(expression) ) throw ttmath::RuntimeError(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-
-		#else
-
-			#define TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT(expression) \
-				if( &(expression) == this ) throw ReferenceError();
-
-			#define TTMATH_ASSERT(expression) \
-				if( !(expression) ) throw RuntimeError();
-		#endif
-
-	#else
-		#define TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT(expression)
-		#define TTMATH_ASSERT(expression)
-	#endif
-
-
-
-	#ifdef TTMATH_DEBUG_LOG
-
-		#define TTMATH_LOG(msg) \
-			PrintLog(msg, std::cout);		
-
-	#else
-
-		#define TTMATH_LOG(msg)
-
-	#endif
-
-
-} // namespace
-
-
-#endif
+/*
+ * This file is a part of TTMath Bignum Library
+ * and is distributed under the (new) BSD licence.
+ * Author: Tomasz Sowa <t.sowa@ttmath.org>
+ */
+
+/* 
+ * Copyright (c) 2006-2009, Tomasz Sowa
+ * All rights reserved.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ * 
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *    
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *    
+ *  * Neither the name Tomasz Sowa nor the names of contributors to this
+ *    project may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+ *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
+ * THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef headerfilettmathtypes
+#define headerfilettmathtypes
+
+/*!
+	\file ttmathtypes.h
+    \brief constants used in the library
+    
+    As our library is written in header files (templates) we cannot use
+	constants like 'const int' etc. because we should have some source files
+	*.cpp to define this variables. Only what we can have are constants
+	defined by #define preprocessor macros.
+
+	All macros are preceded by TTMATH_ prefix
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+/*!
+	the version of the library
+
+	TTMATH_PRERELEASE_VER is either zero or one
+	if zero that means this is the release version of the library
+*/
+#define TTMATH_MAJOR_VER		0
+#define TTMATH_MINOR_VER		9
+#define TTMATH_REVISION_VER		0
+#define TTMATH_PRERELEASE_VER	1
+
+
+/*!
+	TTMATH_DEBUG
+	this macro enables further testing during writing your code
+	you don't have to define it in a release mode
+
+	if this macro is set then macros TTMATH_ASSERT and TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT
+	are set as well	and these macros can throw an exception if a condition in it
+	is not fulfilled (look at the definition of TTMATH_ASSERT and TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT)
+
+	TTMATH_RELEASE
+	if you are confident that your code is perfect you can define TTMATH_RELEASE
+	macro for example by using -D option in gcc
+	 gcc -DTTMATH_RELEASE -o myprogram myprogram.cpp 
+	or by defining this macro in your code before using any header files of this library
+
+	if TTMATH_RELEASE is not set then TTMATH_DEBUG is set automatically
+*/
+#ifndef TTMATH_RELEASE
+	#define TTMATH_DEBUG
+#endif
+
+
+
+namespace ttmath
+{
+
+#if !defined _M_X64 && !defined __x86_64__
+
+	/*!
+		we're using a 32bit platform
+	*/
+	#define TTMATH_PLATFORM32
+
+#else
+
+	/*!
+		we're using a 64bit platform
+	*/
+	#define TTMATH_PLATFORM64
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+#ifdef TTMATH_PLATFORM32
+
+	/*!
+		on 32bit platforms one word (uint, sint) will be equal 32bits
+	*/
+	typedef unsigned int uint;
+	typedef signed   int sint;
+
+
+	/*!
+		this type is twice bigger than uint
+		(64bit on a 32bit platforms)
+
+		although C++ Standard - ANSI ISO IEC 14882:2003 doesn't define such a type (long long) 
+		but it is defined in C99 and in upcoming C++0x /3.9.1 (2)/ and many compilers support it
+
+		this type is used in UInt::MulTwoWords and UInt::DivTwoWords when macro TTMATH_NOASM is defined
+	*/
+	typedef unsigned long long int ulint;
+
+	/*!
+		the mask for the highest bit in the unsigned 32bit word (2^31)
+	*/
+	const uint TTMATH_UINT_HIGHEST_BIT = 0x80000000ul;
+
+	/*!
+		the max value of the unsigned 32bit word (2^32 - 1)
+		(all bits equal one)
+	*/
+	const uint TTMATH_UINT_MAX_VALUE = 0xfffffffful;
+
+	/*!
+		the number of words (32bit words on 32bit platform)
+		which are kept in built-in variables for a Big<> type
+		(these variables are defined in ttmathbig.h)
+	*/
+	const uint TTMATH_BUILTIN_VARIABLES_SIZE  = 256u;
+
+#else
+
+	/*!
+		on 64bit platforms one word (uint, sint) will be equal 64bits
+	*/
+	#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+		typedef unsigned __int64 uint;
+		typedef signed __int64 sint;
+	#else
+		typedef unsigned long long uint;
+		typedef signed long long sint;
+	#endif
+	/*!
+		on 64bit platform we do not define ulint
+		sizeof(long long) is 8 (64bit) but we need 128bit
+
+		on 64 bit platform (when there is defined TTMATH_NOASM macro)
+		methods UInt::MulTwoWords and UInt::DivTwoWords are using other algorithms than those on 32 bit
+	*/
+	//typedef unsigned long long int ulint;
+
+	/*!
+		the mask for the highest bit in the unsigned 64bit word (2^63)
+	*/
+	const uint TTMATH_UINT_HIGHEST_BIT = 0x8000000000000000ul;
+
+	/*!
+		the max value of the unsigned 64bit word (2^64 - 1)
+		(all bits equal one)
+	*/
+	const uint TTMATH_UINT_MAX_VALUE = 0xfffffffffffffffful;
+
+	/*!
+		the number of words (64bit words on 64bit platforms)
+		which are kept in built-in variables for a Big<> type
+		(these variables are defined in ttmathbig.h)
+	*/
+	const uint TTMATH_BUILTIN_VARIABLES_SIZE = 128ul;
+
+#endif
+
+	const uint TTMATH_BITS_PER_UINT = (sizeof(uint)*8);
+
+}
+
+
+#if defined(UNICODE) || defined(_UNICODE)
+#define TTMATH_USE_WCHAR
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef TTMATH_USE_WCHAR
+
+	typedef	wchar_t					tt_char;
+	typedef	std::wstring			tt_string;
+	typedef std::wostringstream		tt_ostringstream;
+	typedef std::wostream			tt_ostream;
+	typedef std::wistream			tt_istream;
+	#define TTMATH_TEXT_HELPER(txt)	L##txt
+
+#else
+
+	typedef	char					tt_char;
+	typedef	std::string				tt_string;
+	typedef std::ostringstream		tt_ostringstream;
+	typedef std::ostream			tt_ostream;
+	typedef std::istream			tt_istream;
+	#define TTMATH_TEXT_HELPER(txt)	txt
+
+#endif
+
+#define TTMATH_TEXT(txt) 	TTMATH_TEXT_HELPER(txt)
+
+
+
+
+
+/*!
+	characters which represent the comma operator
+
+	TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_1 is used in reading (parsing) and in writing (default, can be overwritten in ToString() function)
+	TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_2 can be used in reading as an auxiliary comma character
+	that means you can input values for example 1.2345 and 1,2345 as well
+
+	if you don't want it just put 0 there e.g.
+		#define TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_2 0
+	then only TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_1 will be used
+
+	don't put there any special character which is used by the parser
+	(for example a semicolon ';' shouldn't be there)
+*/
+#define TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_1 '.'
+#define TTMATH_COMMA_CHARACTER_2 ','
+
+
+
+/*!
+	this variable defines how many iterations are performed
+	during some kind of calculating when we're making any long formulas
+	(for example Taylor series)
+
+	it's used in ExpSurrounding0(...), LnSurrounding1(...), Sin0pi05(...), etc.
+
+	note! there'll not be so many iterations, iterations are stopped when
+	there is no sense to continue calculating (for example when the result
+	still remains unchanged after adding next series and we know that the next
+	series are smaller than previous ones)
+*/
+#define TTMATH_ARITHMETIC_MAX_LOOP 10000
+
+
+
+/*!
+	this is a limit when calculating Karatsuba multiplication
+	if the size of a vector is smaller than TTMATH_USE_KARATSUBA_MULTIPLICATION_FROM_SIZE
+	the Karatsuba algorithm will use standard schoolbook multiplication
+*/
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define TTMATH_USE_KARATSUBA_MULTIPLICATION_FROM_SIZE 3
+#else
+#define TTMATH_USE_KARATSUBA_MULTIPLICATION_FROM_SIZE 5
+#endif
+
+
+/*!
+	this is a special value used when calculating the Gamma(x) function
+	if x is greater than this value then the Gamma(x) will be calculated using
+	some kind of series
+
+	don't use smaller values than about 100
+*/
+#define TTMATH_GAMMA_BOUNDARY 2000
+
+
+
+
+namespace ttmath
+{
+
+	/*!
+		error codes
+	*/
+	enum ErrorCode
+	{
+		err_ok = 0,
+		err_nothing_has_read,
+		err_unknown_character,
+		err_unexpected_final_bracket,
+		err_stack_not_clear,
+		err_unknown_variable,
+		err_division_by_zero,
+		err_interrupt,
+		err_overflow,
+		err_unknown_function,
+		err_unknown_operator,
+		err_unexpected_semicolon_operator,
+		err_improper_amount_of_arguments,
+		err_improper_argument,
+		err_unexpected_end,
+		err_internal_error,
+		err_incorrect_name,
+		err_incorrect_value,
+		err_variable_exists,
+		err_variable_loop,
+		err_functions_loop,
+		err_must_be_only_one_value,
+		err_object_exists,
+		err_unknown_object,
+		err_still_calculating,
+		err_in_short_form_used_function
+	};
+
+
+	/*!
+		this simple class can be used in multithreading model
+		(you can write your own class derived from this one)
+
+		for example: in some functions like Factorial() 
+		/at the moment only Factorial/ you can give a pointer to 
+		the 'stop object', if the method WasStopSignal() of this 
+		object returns true that means we should break the calculating
+		and return
+	*/
+	class StopCalculating
+	{
+	public:
+		virtual bool WasStopSignal() const volatile { return false; }
+		virtual ~StopCalculating(){}
+	};
+
+
+	/*!
+		a small class which is useful when compiling with gcc
+
+		object of this type holds the name and the line of a file
+		in which the macro TTMATH_ASSERT or TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT was used
+	*/
+	class ExceptionInfo
+	{
+	const tt_char * file;
+	int line;
+
+	public:
+		ExceptionInfo() : file(0), line(0) {}
+		ExceptionInfo(const tt_char * f, int l) : file(f), line(l) {}
+
+		tt_string Where() const
+		{
+			if( !file )
+				return TTMATH_TEXT("unknown");
+
+			tt_ostringstream result;
+			result << file << TTMATH_TEXT(":") << line;
+
+		return result.str();
+		}
+	};
+
+
+	/*!
+		A small class used for reporting 'reference' errors
+
+		In the library is used macro TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT which
+		can throw an exception of this type
+
+		If you compile with gcc you can get a small benefit 
+		from using method Where() (it returns std::string (or std::wstring) with
+		the name and the line of a file where the macro TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT
+		was used)
+
+		What is the 'reference' error?
+		Some kind of methods use a reference as their argument to another object,
+		and the another object not always can be the same which is calling, e.g.
+			Big<1,2> foo(10);
+			foo.Mul(foo); // this is incorrect
+		above method Mul is making something more with 'this' object and 
+		'this' cannot be passed as the argument because the result will be undefined
+
+		macro TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT helps us to solve the above problem
+
+		note! some methods can use 'this' object as the argument
+		for example this code is correct:
+			UInt<2> foo(10);
+			foo.Add(foo);
+		but there are only few methods which can do that
+	*/
+	class ReferenceError : public std::logic_error, public ExceptionInfo
+	{
+	public:
+
+		ReferenceError() : std::logic_error ("reference error")
+		{
+		}
+
+		ReferenceError(const tt_char * f, int l) :
+							std::logic_error ("reference error"), ExceptionInfo(f,l)
+		{
+		}
+
+		tt_string Where() const
+		{
+			return ExceptionInfo::Where();
+		}
+	};
+
+
+	/*!
+		a small class used for reporting errors
+
+		in the library is used macro TTMATH_ASSERT which
+		(if the condition in it is false) throw an exception
+		of this type
+
+		if you compile with gcc you can get a small benefit 
+		from using method Where() (it returns std::string (or std::wstring) with
+		the name and the line of a file where the macro TTMATH_ASSERT
+		was used)
+	*/
+	class RuntimeError : public std::runtime_error, public ExceptionInfo
+	{
+	public:
+
+		RuntimeError() : std::runtime_error ("internal error")
+		{
+		}
+
+		RuntimeError(const tt_char * f, int l) :
+						std::runtime_error ("internal error"), ExceptionInfo(f,l)
+		{
+		}
+
+		tt_string Where() const
+		{
+			return ExceptionInfo::Where();
+		}
+	};
+
+
+
+	/*!
+		look at the description of macros TTMATH_RELEASE and TTMATH_DEBUG
+	*/
+	#ifdef TTMATH_DEBUG
+
+		#if defined(__FILE__) && defined(__LINE__)
+
+			#ifdef TTMATH_USE_WCHAR
+				#define TTMATH_FILE_HELPER2(arg)  L##arg
+				#define TTMATH_FILE_HELPER(x)     TTMATH_FILE_HELPER2(x)
+				#define TTMATH_FILE               TTMATH_FILE_HELPER(__FILE__)
+			#else
+				#define TTMATH_FILE               __FILE__
+			#endif
+
+			#define TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT(expression) \
+				if( &(expression) == this ) throw ttmath::ReferenceError(TTMATH_FILE, __LINE__);
+
+			#define TTMATH_ASSERT(expression) \
+				if( !(expression) ) throw ttmath::RuntimeError(TTMATH_FILE, __LINE__);
+
+			#define TTMATH_VERIFY(expression) \
+				if( !(expression) ) throw ttmath::RuntimeError(TTMATH_TEXT(__FILE__), __LINE__);
+
+		#else
+
+			#define TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT(expression) \
+				if( &(expression) == this ) throw ReferenceError();
+
+			#define TTMATH_ASSERT(expression) \
+				if( !(expression) ) throw RuntimeError();
+
+			#define TTMATH_VERIFY(expression) \
+				if( !(expression) ) throw RuntimeError();
+		#endif
+
+	#else
+		#define TTMATH_REFERENCE_ASSERT(expression)
+		#define TTMATH_ASSERT(expression)
+		#define TTMATH_VERIFY(expression)	(void)(expression);
+	#endif
+
+	#if !defined(LOG_PRINTF)
+		#define LOG_PRINTF printf
+	#endif
+
+	#ifdef TTMATH_DEBUG_LOG
+	
+		#ifdef TTMATH_USE_WCHAR
+			#define TTMATH_LOG_HELPER(msg) \
+				PrintLog(L##msg, std::wcout);
+		#else
+			#define TTMATH_LOG_HELPER(msg) \
+				PrintLog(msg, std::cout);
+		#endif
+
+		#define TTMATH_LOG(msg) TTMATH_LOG_HELPER(msg)
+
+	#else
+
+		#define TTMATH_LOG(msg)
+
+	#endif
+
+
+
+} // namespace
+
+
+#endif
+

ttmath/ttmathuint_noasm.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * This file is a part of TTMath Bignum Library
  * and is distributed under the (new) BSD licence.
- * Author: Tomasz Sowa <t.sowa@slimaczek.pl>
+ * Author: Tomasz Sowa <t.sowa@ttmath.org>
  */
 
 /* 
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
 
 #ifdef TTMATH_NOASM
 
+#pragma message("TTMATH_NOASM")
+
 /*!
 	\file ttmathuint_noasm.h
     \brief template class UInt<uint> with methods without any assembler code
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ namespace ttmath
 		for(i=0 ; i<value_size ; ++i)
 			c = AddTwoWords(table[i], ss2.table[i], c, &table[i]);
 
-		TTMATH_LOG("UInt_noasm::Add")
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::Add")
 	
 	return c;
 	}
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ namespace ttmath
 		for(i=index+1 ; i<value_size && c ; ++i)
 			c = AddTwoWords(table[i], 0, c, &table[i]);
 
-		TTMATH_LOG("UInt_noasm::AddInt")
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::AddInt")
 	
 	return c;
 	}
@@ -184,13 +186,54 @@ namespace ttmath
 		for(i=index+2 ; i<value_size && c ; ++i)
 			c = AddTwoWords(table[i], 0, c, &table[i]);
 
-		TTMATH_LOG("UInt64::AddTwoInts")
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::AddTwoInts")
 	
 	return c;
 	}
 
 
 
+	/*!
+		this static method addes one vector to the other
+		'ss1' is larger in size or equal to 'ss2'
+
+		ss1 points to the first (larger) vector
+		ss2 points to the second vector
+		ss1_size - size of the ss1 (and size of the result too)
+		ss2_size - size of the ss2
+		result - is the result vector (which has size the same as ss1: ss1_size)
+
+		Example:  ss1_size is 5, ss2_size is 3
+		ss1:      ss2:   result (output):
+		  5        1         5+1
+		  4        3         4+3
+		  2        7         2+7
+		  6                  6
+		  9                  9
+	  of course the carry is propagated and will be returned from the last item
+	  (this method is used by the Karatsuba multiplication algorithm)
+	*/
+	template<uint value_size>
+	uint UInt<value_size>::AddVector(const uint * ss1, const uint * ss2, uint ss1_size, uint ss2_size, uint * result)
+	{
+	uint i, c = 0;
+
+		TTMATH_ASSERT( ss1_size >= ss2_size )
+		
+		for(i=0 ; i<ss2_size ; ++i)
+			c = AddTwoWords(ss1[i], ss2[i], c, &result[i]);
+
+		for( ; i<ss1_size ; ++i)
+			c = AddTwoWords(ss1[i], 0, c, &result[i]);
+
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::AddVector")
+
+	return c;
+	}
+
+
+
+
 	template<uint value_size>
 	uint UInt<value_size>::SubTwoWords(uint a, uint b, uint carry, uint * result)
 	{
@@ -232,7 +275,7 @@ namespace ttmath
 		for(i=0 ; i<value_size ; ++i)
 			c = SubTwoWords(table[i], ss2.table[i], c, &table[i]);
 
-		TTMATH_LOG("UInt_noasm::Sub")
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::Sub")
 
 	return c;
 	}
@@ -270,12 +313,51 @@ namespace ttmath
 		for(i=index+1 ; i<value_size && c ; ++i)
 			c = SubTwoWords(table[i], 0, c, &table[i]);
 
-		TTMATH_LOG("UInt_noasm::SubInt")
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::SubInt")
 	
 	return c;
 	}
 
 
+	/*!
+		this static method subtractes one vector from the other
+		'ss1' is larger in size or equal to 'ss2'
+
+		ss1 points to the first (larger) vector
+		ss2 points to the second vector
+		ss1_size - size of the ss1 (and size of the result too)
+		ss2_size - size of the ss2
+		result - is the result vector (which has size the same as ss1: ss1_size)
+
+		Example:  ss1_size is 5, ss2_size is 3
+		ss1:      ss2:   result (output):
+		  5        1         5-1
+		  4        3         4-3
+		  2        7         2-7
+		  6                  6-1  (the borrow from previous item)
+		  9                  9
+		                 return (carry): 0
+	  of course the carry (borrow) is propagated and will be returned from the last item
+	  (this method is used by the Karatsuba multiplication algorithm)
+	*/
+	template<uint value_size>
+	uint UInt<value_size>::SubVector(const uint * ss1, const uint * ss2, uint ss1_size, uint ss2_size, uint * result)
+	{
+	uint i, c = 0;
+
+		TTMATH_ASSERT( ss1_size >= ss2_size )
+		
+		for(i=0 ; i<ss2_size ; ++i)
+			c = SubTwoWords(ss1[i], ss2[i], c, &result[i]);
+
+		for( ; i<ss1_size ; ++i)
+			c = SubTwoWords(ss1[i], 0, c, &result[i]);
+
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::SubVector")
+
+	return c;
+	}
+
 
 
 	/*!
@@ -305,7 +387,7 @@ namespace ttmath
 			c        = new_c;
 		}
 
-		TTMATH_LOG("UInt64::Rcl2_one")
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::Rcl2_one")
 
 	return c;
 	}
@@ -344,7 +426,7 @@ namespace ttmath
 			c        = new_c;
 		}
 
-		TTMATH_LOG("UInt64::Rcr2_one")
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::Rcr2_one")
 
 	return c;
 	}
@@ -421,7 +503,7 @@ namespace ttmath
 			c        = new_c;
 		}
 
-		TTMATH_LOG("UInt64::Rcr2")
+		TTMATH_LOG("UInt::Rcr2")
 
 	return (c & TTMATH_UINT_HIGHEST_BIT) ? 1 : 0;
 	}

ttmath/ttmathuint_x86_amd64_msvc.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+PUBLIC	adc_x64
+PUBLIC	addindexed_x64
+PUBLIC	addindexed2_x64
+
+PUBLIC	sbb_x64
+PUBLIC	subindexed_x64
+
+PUBLIC	rcl_x64
+PUBLIC	rcr_x64
+
+PUBLIC	rcl2_x64
+PUBLIC	rcr2_x64
+
+PUBLIC	div_x64
+
+;
+;	"rax, rcx, rdx, r8-r11 are volatile."
+;	"rbx, rbp, rdi, rsi, r12-r15 are nonvolatile."
+;
+
+.CODE
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+adc_x64				PROC
+        ; rcx = p1
+        ; rdx = p2
+        ; r8 = nSize
+        ; r9 = nCarry
+
+        xor		rax, rax
+        xor		r11, r11
+        sub		rax, r9		; sets CARRY if r9 != 0
+
+		ALIGN 16
+ loop1:
+		mov		rax,qword ptr [rdx + r11 * 8]
+		adc		qword ptr [rcx + r11 * 8], rax
+		lea		r11, [r11+1]
+		dec		r8
+		jnz		loop1
+
+		setc	al
+		movzx	rax, al
+
+		ret
+
+adc_x64				ENDP
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+addindexed_x64	PROC
+
+        ; rcx = p1
+        ; rdx = nSize
+        ; r8 = nPos
+        ; r9 = nValue
+
+		xor		rax, rax			; rax = result
+		sub		rdx, r8				; rdx = remaining count of uints
+
+		add		qword ptr [rcx + r8 * 8], r9
+		jc		next1
+
+		ret
+
+next1:
+		mov		r9, 1
+
+		ALIGN 16
+loop1:
+		dec		rdx
+		jz		done_with_cy
+		lea		r8, [r8+1]
+		add		qword ptr [rcx + r8 * 8], r9
+		jc		loop1
+
+		ret
+
+done_with_cy:
+		lea		rax, [rax+1]		; rax = 1
+
+		ret
+
+addindexed_x64	ENDP
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+addindexed2_x64	PROC
+
+        ; rcx = p1 (pointer)
+        ; rdx = b  (value size)
+        ; r8 = nPos
+        ; r9 = nValue1
+        ; [esp+0x28] = nValue2
+
+		xor		rax, rax			; return value
+		mov		r11, rcx			; table
+		sub		rdx, r8				; rdx = remaining count of uints
+		mov		r10, [esp+028h]		; r10 = nValue2
+
+		add		qword ptr [r11 + r8 * 8], r9
+		lea		r8, [r8+1]
+		lea		rdx, [rdx-1]
+		adc		qword ptr [r11 + r8 * 8], r10
+		jc		next
+		ret
+
+		ALIGN 16
+loop1:
+		lea		r8, [r8+1]
+		add		qword ptr [r11 + r8 * 8], 1
+		jc		next
+		ret
+
+next:
+		dec		rdx					; does not modify CY too...
+		jnz		loop1
+		lea		rax, [rax+1]
+		ret
+
+addindexed2_x64	ENDP
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+sbb_x64				PROC
+
+        ; rcx = p1
+        ; rdx = p2
+        ; r8 = nCount
+        ; r9 = nCarry
+
+        xor		rax, rax
+        xor		r11, r11
+        sub		rax, r9				; sets CARRY if r9 != 0
+
+		ALIGN 16
+ loop1:
+		mov		rax,qword ptr [rdx + r11 * 8]
+		sbb		qword ptr [rcx + r11 * 8], rax
+		lea		r11, [r11+1]
+		dec		r8
+		jnz		loop1
+
+		setc	al
+		movzx	rax, al
+
+		ret
+
+sbb_x64				ENDP
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+subindexed_x64	PROC
+        ; rcx = p1
+        ; rdx = nSize
+        ; r8 = nPos
+        ; r9 = nValue
+
+		sub		rdx, r8				; rdx = remaining count of uints
+
+		ALIGN 16
+loop1:
+		sub		qword ptr [rcx + r8 * 8], r9
+		jnc		done
+
+		lea		r8, [r8+1]
+		mov		r9, 1
+		dec		rdx
+		jnz		loop1
+		jc		return_1	; most of the times, there will be NO carry (I hope)
+
+done:
+		xor		rax, rax
+		ret
+
+  return_1:
+		mov		rax, 1
+		ret
+
+subindexed_x64	ENDP
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+rcl_x64	PROC
+        ; rcx = p1
+        ; rdx = b
+        ; r8 = nLowestBit
+
+		mov		r11, rcx			; table
+		xor		r10, r10
+		neg		r8					; CY set if r8 <> 0
+
+		ALIGN 16
+loop1:
+		rcl		qword ptr [r11 + r10 * 8], 1
+		lea		r10, [r10+1]
+		dec		rdx
+		jnz		loop1
+
+		setc	al
+		movzx	rax, al
+
+        ret
+
+rcl_x64	ENDP
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+rcr_x64	PROC
+        ; rcx = p1
+        ; rdx = nSize
+        ; r8 = nLowestBit
+
+		xor		r10, r10
+		neg		r8					; CY set if r8 <> 0
+
+		ALIGN 16
+loop1:
+		rcr		qword ptr -8[rcx + rdx * 8], 1
+		dec		rdx
+		jnz		loop1
+
+		setc	al
+		movzx	rax, al
+
+        ret
+
+rcr_x64	ENDP
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+div_x64	PROC
+
+        ; rcx = &Hi
+        ; rdx = &Lo
+        ; r8 = nDiv
+
+        mov		r11, rcx
+        mov		r10, rdx
+
+        mov		rdx, qword ptr [r11]
+        mov		rax, qword ptr [r10]
+        div		r8
+        mov		qword ptr [r10], rdx ; remainder
+        mov		qword ptr [r11], rax ; value
+
+        ret
+
+div_x64	ENDP
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+rcl2_x64	PROC
+        ; rcx = p1
+        ; rdx = nSize
+        ; r8 = bits
+        ; r9 = c
+
+        push	rbx
+
+        mov		r10, rcx	; r10 = p1
+        xor		rax, rax
+
+        mov		rcx, 64
+        sub		rcx, r8
+
+        mov		r11, -1
+        shr		r11, cl		; r11 = mask
+
+		mov		rcx, r8		; rcx = count of bits
+
+		mov		rbx, rax	; rbx = old value = 0
+		or		r9, r9
+		cmovnz	rbx, r11	; if (c) then old value = mask
+
+        mov		r9, rax		; r9 = index (0..nSize-1)
+
+		ALIGN 16
+loop1:
+		rol		qword ptr [r10+r9*8], cl
+		mov		rax, qword ptr [r10+r9*8]
+		and		rax, r11
+		xor		qword ptr [r10+r9*8], rax
+		or		qword ptr [r10+r9*8], rbx
+		mov		rbx, rax
+
+		lea		r9, [r9+1]
+		dec		rdx
+
+		jnz		loop1
+
+		and		rax, 1
+		pop		rbx
+        ret
+
+rcl2_x64	ENDP
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+        ALIGN       8
+
+;----------------------------------------
+
+rcr2_x64	PROC
+        ; rcx = p1
+        ; rdx = nSize
+        ; r8 = bits
+        ; r9 = c
+
+        push	rbx
+        mov		r10, rcx	; r10 = p1
+        xor		rax, rax
+
+        mov		rcx, 64
+        sub		rcx, r8
+
+        mov		r11, -1
+        shl		r11, cl		; r11 = mask
+
+		mov		rcx, r8		; rcx = count of bits
+
+		mov		rbx, rax	; rbx = old value = 0
+		or		r9, r9
+		cmovnz	rbx, r11	; if (c) then old value = mask
+
+        mov		r9, rdx		; r9 = index (0..nSize-1)
+		lea		r9, [r9-1]
+
+		ALIGN 16
+loop1:
+		ror		qword ptr [r10+r9*8], cl
+		mov		rax, qword ptr [r10+r9*8]
+		and		rax, r11
+		xor		qword ptr [r10+r9*8], rax
+		or		qword ptr [r10+r9*8], rbx
+		mov		rbx, rax
+
+		lea		r9, [r9-1]
+		dec		rdx
+
+		jnz		loop1
+
+		rol		rax, 1
+		and		rax, 1
+		pop		rbx
+
+        ret
+
+rcr2_x64	ENDP
+
+END