/*
 * This file is a part of PikoTools
 * and is distributed under the 2-Clause BSD licence.
 * Author: Tomasz Sowa <t.sowa@ttmath.org>
 */

/* 
 * Copyright (c) 2012-2021, Tomasz Sowa
 * All rights reserved.
 * 
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

#ifndef headerfile_pikotools_src_membuffer_membuffer
#define headerfile_pikotools_src_membuffer_membuffer


#include <iostream>

namespace pt
{

/*


	stack_size and heap_block_size have to be *greater* than zero
*/
template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
class MemBuffer
{
public:

	class iterator
	{
	public:

		bool operator==(const iterator & i) const;
		bool operator!=(const iterator & i) const;

		iterator & operator++(); 		// prefix  ++
		iterator   operator++(int); 	// postfix ++

		iterator & operator--(); 		// prefix  --
		iterator   operator--(int); 	// postfix --

		item_type & operator*();

	private:

		MemBuffer * mem_buffer;
		size_t dynamic_array_index;
		size_t index;

		friend class MemBuffer;
	};


	class const_iterator
	{
	public:

		const_iterator();
		const_iterator(const const_iterator & i);
		const_iterator(const iterator & i);
		const_iterator & operator=(const const_iterator & i);
		const_iterator & operator=(const iterator & i);

		bool operator==(const const_iterator & i) const;
		bool operator!=(const const_iterator & i) const;

		const_iterator & operator++(); 		// prefix  ++
		const_iterator   operator++(int); 	// postfix ++

		const_iterator & operator--(); 		// prefix  --
		const_iterator   operator--(int); 	// postfix --

		item_type operator*();

	private:

		const MemBuffer * mem_buffer;
		size_t dynamic_array_index;
		size_t index;

		friend class MemBuffer;
	};



	MemBuffer();
	~MemBuffer();
	MemBuffer(const MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size> & arg);
	MemBuffer & operator=(const MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size> & arg);

	void append(item_type item);
	void append(const item_type * item_array, size_t len);

	template<typename in_item_type>
	void append(const in_item_type * item_array, size_t len);
	
	template<typename arg_item_type, size_t arg_stack_size, size_t arg_heap_block_size>
	void append(const MemBuffer<arg_item_type, arg_stack_size, arg_heap_block_size> & arg);

	size_t size() const;
	bool   empty() const;

	void   reserve(size_t len);
	size_t capacity() const;
	void   clear();						// frees memory but only to capacity()

	iterator begin();
	iterator end();

	const_iterator begin() const;
	const_iterator end() const;

	item_type & operator[](size_t i);
	const item_type operator[](size_t i) const;


private:

	struct MemArray
	{
		size_t size_used;
		item_type * buf;
	};

	item_type stack_array[stack_size];
	MemArray * dynamic_array;			// dynamic array of MemArray descriptors
	size_t dynamic_array_index;			// index of a MemArray to which the last insertion was made
										// size_t(-1) means the stack_array
	size_t dynamic_array_used;			// how many MemArray-s have been inited in dynamic_array
	size_t dynamic_array_size;			// the size of the dynamic_array

	size_t size_used; 					// the size of all valid items
	size_t size_allocated;				// how many memory is reserved
	size_t size_reserved;				// memory reserved by reserve(), it is used by clear()

	// used by ctors
	void Initialize();

	void add_dynamic_node();
};



/*
	iterator
*/


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator &
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator::operator++()
{
	if( dynamic_array_index == size_t(-1) )
	{
		index += 1;

		if( index >= stack_size )
		{
			index  = 0;
			dynamic_array_index = 0;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		index += 1;

		if( index >= heap_block_size )
		{
			dynamic_array_index += 1;
			index = 0;
		}
	}

return *this;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator::operator++(int)
{
	iterator old(*this);
	operator++();

return old;
}



template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator &
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator::operator--()
{
	if( index == 0 )
	{
		dynamic_array_index -= 1;

		if( dynamic_array_index == size_t(-1) )
			index = stack_size - 1;
		else
			index = heap_block_size - 1;
	}
	else
	{
		index -= 1;
	}

return *this;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator::operator--(int)
{
	iterator old(*this);
	operator++();

return old;
}



template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
item_type & MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator::operator*()
{
	if( dynamic_array_index == size_t(-1) )
	{
		return mem_buffer->stack_array[index];
	}
	else
	{
		return mem_buffer->dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].buf[index];
	}
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
bool MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator::operator==(const iterator & i) const
{
	return	mem_buffer == i.mem_buffer && 
			dynamic_array_index == i.dynamic_array_index &&
			index == i.index;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
bool MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator::operator!=(const iterator & i) const
{
	return	mem_buffer != i.mem_buffer ||
			dynamic_array_index != i.dynamic_array_index ||
			index != i.index;
}



/*
	const_iterator
*/


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::const_iterator()
{
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::const_iterator(const const_iterator & i)
{
	operator=(i);
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::const_iterator(const iterator & i)
{
	operator=(i);
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator &
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::operator=(const const_iterator & i)
{
	mem_buffer = i.mem_buffer;
	dynamic_array_index = i.dynamic_array_index;
	index = i.index;

return *this;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator &
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::operator=(const iterator & i)
{
	mem_buffer = i.mem_buffer;
	dynamic_array_index = i.dynamic_array_index;
	index = i.index;

return *this;
}



template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator &
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::operator++()
{
	if( dynamic_array_index == size_t(-1) )
	{
		index += 1;

		if( index >= stack_size )
		{
			index  = 0;
			dynamic_array_index = 0;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		index += 1;

		if( index >= heap_block_size )
		{
			dynamic_array_index += 1;
			index = 0;
		}
	}

return *this;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::operator++(int)
{
	const_iterator old(*this);
	operator++();

return old;
}



template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator &
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::operator--()
{
	if( index == 0 )
	{
		dynamic_array_index -= 1;

		if( dynamic_array_index == size_t(-1) )
			index = stack_size - 1;
		else
			index = heap_block_size - 1;
	}
	else
	{
		index -= 1;
	}

return *this;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::operator--(int)
{
	const_iterator old(*this);
	operator++();

return old;
}



template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
item_type MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::operator*()
{
	if( dynamic_array_index == size_t(-1) )
	{
		return mem_buffer->stack_array[index];
	}
	else
	{
		return mem_buffer->dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].buf[index];
	}
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
bool MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::operator==(const const_iterator & i) const
{
	return	mem_buffer == i.mem_buffer && 
			dynamic_array_index == i.dynamic_array_index &&
			index == i.index;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
bool MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator::operator!=(const const_iterator & i) const
{
	return	mem_buffer != i.mem_buffer ||
			dynamic_array_index != i.dynamic_array_index ||
			index != i.index;
}



/*

	MemBuffer

*/


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
void MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::Initialize()
{
	size_reserved       = 0;
	size_used           = 0;
	size_allocated      = stack_size;
	dynamic_array       = 0;
	dynamic_array_index = size_t(-1);
	dynamic_array_used  = 0;
	dynamic_array_size  = 0;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::MemBuffer()
{
	Initialize();
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::~MemBuffer()
{
	if( dynamic_array )
	{
		for(size_t i=0 ; i<dynamic_array_used ; ++i)
			delete [] dynamic_array[i].buf;

		delete [] dynamic_array;
	}
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::MemBuffer(const MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size> & arg)
{
	Initialize();
	operator=(arg);
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size> &
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::operator=(const MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size> & arg)
{
	if( size_used > 0 )
		clear();

	const_iterator i = arg.begin();

	for( ; i != arg.end() ; ++i)
		append(*i);

return *this;
}



template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
void MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::add_dynamic_node()
{
	if( dynamic_array_used >= dynamic_array_size )
	{
		// reallocating
		dynamic_array_size  += 2; // 64;
		MemArray * new_array = new MemArray[dynamic_array_size];

		for(size_t i=0 ; i<dynamic_array_used ; ++i)
			new_array[i] = dynamic_array[i];

		delete [] dynamic_array;
		dynamic_array = new_array;
	}

	dynamic_array[dynamic_array_used].size_used = 0;
	dynamic_array[dynamic_array_used].buf       = new item_type[heap_block_size];

	dynamic_array_used += 1;
	size_allocated     += heap_block_size;
}




template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
void MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::append(item_type item)
{
	if( size_used < stack_size )
	{
		stack_array[size_used] = item;
	}
	else
	{
		if( dynamic_array_index == size_t(-1) )
		{
			dynamic_array_index = 0;

			if( dynamic_array_index >= dynamic_array_used )
				add_dynamic_node();

			dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used = 0;
		}
		else
		if( dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used >= heap_block_size )
		{
			dynamic_array_index += 1;

			if( dynamic_array_index >= dynamic_array_used )
				add_dynamic_node();

			dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used = 0;
		}

		dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].buf[dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used] = item;
		dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used += 1;
	}

	size_used += 1;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
void MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::append(const item_type * item_array, size_t len)
{
	if( size_used + len <= stack_size )
	{
		for(size_t i=0 ; i<len ; ++i)
			stack_array[size_used++] = item_array[i];

		return;
	}

	if( dynamic_array_index != size_t(-1) &&
		dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used + len <= heap_block_size )
	{
		item_type * buf = dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].buf;
		size_t bufsize = dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used;

		for(size_t i=0 ; i<len ; ++i)
			buf[bufsize++] = item_array[i];

		dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used += len;
		size_used += len;

		return;
	}

	for(size_t i=0 ; i<len ; ++i)
		append(item_array[i]);
}




template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
template<typename in_item_type>
void MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::append(const in_item_type * item_array, size_t len)
{
	for(size_t i=0 ; i<len ; ++i)
		append(static_cast<item_type>(item_array[i]));
}




template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
template<typename arg_item_type, size_t arg_stack_size, size_t arg_heap_block_size>
void MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::append(
		const MemBuffer<arg_item_type, arg_stack_size, arg_heap_block_size> & arg)
{
	typename MemBuffer<arg_item_type, arg_stack_size, arg_heap_block_size>::const_iterator i = arg.begin();

	for( ; i != arg.end() ; ++i)
		append(static_cast<item_type>(*i));
}




template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
item_type & MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::operator[](size_t i)
{
	if( i < stack_size )
	{
		return stack_array[i];
	}
	else
	{
		i -= stack_size;
		size_t index  = i / heap_block_size;
		size_t offset = i % heap_block_size;

		return dynamic_array[index].buf[offset];
	}
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
const item_type MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::operator[](size_t i) const
{
	if( i < stack_size )
	{
		return stack_array[i];
	}
	else
	{
		i -= stack_size;
		size_t index  = i / heap_block_size;
		size_t offset = i % heap_block_size;

		return dynamic_array[index].buf[offset];
	}
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
size_t MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::size() const
{
	return size_used;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
bool MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::empty() const
{
	return size_used == 0;
}



template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::begin()
{
iterator i;

	i.mem_buffer = this;
	i.dynamic_array_index = size_t(-1);
	i.index = 0;

return i;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::iterator
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::end()
{
iterator i;

	i.mem_buffer = this;

	if( size_used <= stack_size )
	{
		i.dynamic_array_index = size_t(-1);
		i.index = size_used;

		if( i.index >= stack_size )
		{
			i.dynamic_array_index = 0;
			i.index = 0;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		i.dynamic_array_index = dynamic_array_index;
		i.index = dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used;

		if( i.index >= heap_block_size )
		{
			i.dynamic_array_index += 1;
			i.index = 0;
		}
	}

return i;
}



template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::begin() const
{
const_iterator i;

	i.mem_buffer = this;
	i.dynamic_array_index = size_t(-1);
	i.index = 0;

return i;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
typename MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::const_iterator
MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::end() const
{
const_iterator i;

	i.mem_buffer = this;

	if( size_used <= stack_size )
	{
		i.dynamic_array_index = size_t(-1);
		i.index = size_used;

		if( i.index >= stack_size )
		{
			i.dynamic_array_index = 0;
			i.index = 0;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		i.dynamic_array_index = dynamic_array_index;
		i.index = dynamic_array[dynamic_array_index].size_used;

		if( i.index >= heap_block_size )
		{
			i.dynamic_array_index += 1;
			i.index = 0;
		}
	}

return i;
}



template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
void MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::reserve(size_t len)
{
	size_reserved = len;

	while( size_allocated < size_reserved )
		add_dynamic_node();
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
size_t MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::capacity() const
{
	return size_allocated;
}


template<typename item_type, size_t stack_size, size_t heap_block_size>
void MemBuffer<item_type, stack_size, heap_block_size>::clear()
{
	size_t index = 0;

	if( size_reserved > stack_size )
	{
		index = (size_reserved - stack_size) / heap_block_size + 1;
		size_t old_index = index;

		for(; index < dynamic_array_used ; ++index)
		{
			size_allocated -= heap_block_size;
			delete [] dynamic_array[index].buf;
		}

		dynamic_array_used = old_index;
	}

	size_used           = 0;
	dynamic_array_index = size_t(-1);
}


} // namespace


#endif